Education
Primary education is free and compulsory from ages 6 to 14. In the mid-1980s about 4.8 million pupils attended primary schools; 1.9 million attended secondary and vocational schools. More than 900,000 were enrolled in colleges and universities. Argentina's literacy rate of about 95 percent is one of the highest in Latin America.
Argentina has 24 national universities and many state and private universities. The principal institution is the University of Buenos Aires (1821). Other major national universities are the Catholic University of Argentina (1958), National Technological University (1959), National University of Córdoba (1613), and other universities located in Bahia Blanca (1956), La Plata (1905), Mendoza (1939), San Miguel de Tucumán (1914), and Rosario (1968).
Argentina or Argentine Republic, federal republic, southern South America, bounded on the north by Bolivia and Paraguay; on the east by Brazil, Uruguay, and the Atlantic Ocean; on the south by the Atlantic Ocean and Chile; and on the west by Chile. The country occupies most of the southern portion of the continent of South America and is somewhat triangular in shape, with the base in the north and the apex at Punta Dungeness, the southeastern extremity of the continental mainland. The length of Argentina in a northern to southern direction is about 3330 km (about 2070 miles); its extreme width is about 1384 km (about 860 miles). The country includes the Tierra del Fuego territory, which comprises the eastern half of the Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego and a number of adjacent islands to the east, including Isla de los Estados. The area of Argentina is 2,766,889 sq km (1,068,302 sq miles); it is the second largest South American country, Brazil ranking first in area. Argentina, however, claims a total of 2,808,602 sq km (1,084,120 sq miles), including the Falkland Islands, or Islas Malvinas, and other sparsely settled southern Atlantic islands, as well as part of Antarctica. The Argentine coastline measures 2665 km (1656 miles) in length. The capital and largest city is Buenos Aires (population, 1991 metropolitan area, 11, 382,002).
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Economy
The Argentine economy is based primarily on the production of agricultural products and the raising of livestock, but manufacturing and mining industries have shown marked growth in recent decades. Argentina is one of the world's leading cattle- and grain-producing regions; the country's main manufacturing enterprises are meat-packing and flour-milling plants. Argentina's estimated national budget in 1987 called for revenue of about $7.1 billion and expenditure of $9.5 billion.
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Climate
Temperate climatic conditions prevail throughout most of Argentina, except for a small tropical area in the northeast and the subtropical Chaco in the north. In the vicinity of Buenos Aires the average annual temperature is a mild 16.1° C (61° F). The January and July averages for this area are, respectively, 23.3° C (74° F) and 10° C (50° F). In San Miguel de Tucumán the average January temperature is 26.1° C (79° F) and the average July temperature is 13.3° C (56° F). Considerably higher temperatures prevail near the tropic of Capricorn in the north, where extremes as high as 45° C (113° F) are occasionally recorded. Climatic conditions are generally cold in the higher Andes, Patagonia, and Tierra del Fuego. In the western section of Patagonia winter temperatures average about 0° C (32° F). In most coastal areas, however, the ocean exerts a moderating influence on temperatures.
Precipitation in Argentina is marked by wide regional variations. More than 152 cm (60 in) fall annually in the extreme north, but conditions gradually become semiarid to the south and west. In the vicinity of Buenos Aires annual rainfall is about 950 mm (about 37 in). In the vicinity of San Miguel de Tucumán annual rainfall is about 970 mm (38 in).
List of universities in ARGENTINA
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North America
North America
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